World Report 2025: Sudan

Conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) continued with the warring parties, in particular the RSF, committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other violations of international humanitarian law. The conflict has provoked one of the world's biggest humanitarian catastrophes, with famine confirmed in the largest displacement camp in Darfur in August and looming in other regions. Sudan reached the world's highest level of internal displacement, over 10.8 million people as of September, including 8.1 million displaced since 2023. As of September, over 25 million people faced acute food insecurity, yet only about half of the humanitarian response plan was funded. More than 17 million children are out of school. The RSF and allies committed widespread unlawful killings, including mass executions, sexual violence, targeted civilian property, and repeatedly used heavy explosive weapons in densely populated areas. The SAF and allied forces indiscriminately bombed populated areas and deliberately destroyed civilian infrastructure. Both parties willfully obstructed aid. The country's health system has been decimated, with repeated attacks and incursions into hospitals. Both parties have violently attacked, harassed, and unlawfully detained local volunteers. These violations occurred in a context of impunity given the parties' ongoing failure to hold their forces accountable. The United States and European Union imposed sanctions against entities fueling the conflict. The UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission released its first report in September, and had its mandate extended by the UN Human Rights Council in October.